建筑 公共 教育 学校 大学 扩建 美国 Cornell University 荷兰 OMA 库哈斯 Rem Koolhaas
OMA前段时间完成了位于纽约北部康奈尔大学建筑艺术和规划学院(APP)的米尔斯坦大厅，这也是
建筑艺术和规划学院(APP)近百年来的第一座新建筑。新建筑将老建筑联系起来，主入口设立在北
端。
目前APP占据了四个风格不同，但结构相似的独立大楼，米尔斯坦大厅并非单独存在，而是一个附
属，将APP的大楼们统一成为一个整体。有了它，相互连续的空间室内和室外各层浑然成一个整
体。此外还提供了47000平方英尺的工作空间，画廊空间，交流空间，和一个253做的礼堂。这为学
院带来了巨大改变。
楼板被提升到与APP第二层的西布力大厅和兰德大厅相连，并创造出25000平方英尺的工作室空
间，从这里还可以看到周围景观全景。巨大的落地窗加上绿色屋顶上面的41个天窗，这个悬挑建筑
外探50英尺，与APP的第三个建筑Foundry相连。混合桁架结构让内部空间开阔无阻，激发了互动
性并可以在不同时期灵活运用。
暴露的混合桁架结构造就了大尺度开放空间。天花上的灯光设计采用冷光束，经过精心设计，同时
配置定制的高效日光感应器，以保证人造光与日光共同作用达到恒定的光水平。
通过地缘冷却减少空调使用，采用地板式辐射加热，外幕墙使用高性能中空LOW-E玻璃。高效的机
械系统和充足的自然采光在这里得到体现。建筑有望获得LEED银牌认证，甚至是金牌认证。
设计减少了建筑的眩光，并保证了建筑的醒目外型。26000平方英尺的屋顶绿化采用景天科植物。
通透的外幕墙让工作室内部情形在外面能看的一清二楚。外立面那些像条形码般的垂直线状的石材
纹理让建筑的浮动感更加强烈。这个建筑在学校可谓是独领风骚。
首层用来举行各种活动。为了应对各项功能，局部楼板像小山丘一样凸起，而计算机实验室和会议
室就被放置在这些凸起楼板的下方，在报告厅的观众席坡度则利用弯曲下降的楼板走势；部分凸楼
板穿透建筑表皮，在上面放置室外LED座椅，形成了有趣的公共休憩空间，而另一部分楼板将顶部
穿透，形成一个通向其它空间的入口。
这个建筑与旧建筑形成了全新的关系，并重新定义了康奈尔大学北端的格局。
更多请参见下方英文。
Status: Commission 2006, Ground breaking 2009, Completion October 2011
Client: Cornell University, College of Architecture, Art and Planning (AAP)
Location: Ithaca, New York, USA
Site: Northern edge of campus between the Arts Quad and the Gorge, adjacent to three historic
campus buildings - Rand Hall, Sibley Hall and the Foundry
Program: 47,000 sq.ft. addition to the College of Architecture, Art and Planning - Studios,
Critique spaces, Auditorium, Gallery, Exterior Workspace and Plaza.
Partners-in-Charge: Rem Koolhaas, Shohei Shigematsu
Associate-in-Charge: Ziad Shehab
Team: Jason Long, Michael Smith, Troy Schaum, Charles Berman, Amparo Casani, Noah
Shepherd
With Alasdair Graham, Torsten Schroeder, Joshua Beck, Erica Goetz, Margaret Arbanas,
Matthew Seidel, Tsuyoshi Nakamoto, Ritchie Yao, Sandy Yum, Konrad Krupinski, Kengo Skorick,
Martin Schliefer, Marcin Ganczarski, Tanner Merkeley, Konstantin August, Klaas Kresse, Mathieu
De Paepe, Suzanna Waldron, Daphna Glaubert, Beatriz Minguez de Molina, Jesse Seegers,
James Davies, Esa Ruskeepaa, Daniel Gerber, Paul Georgeadis, Julianna
Gola, Betty Ng, Michael Jefferson, Christine Noblejas
Architect of Record: KHA Architects, LLC
Team: Laurence Burns AIA, Jim Bash AIA, Brandon Beal, Michael Ta, Stephen Heptig AIA,
Sharon Giles AIA
Structural Engineer: Robert Silman Associates, P.C.
MEP/FP: Plus Group Consulting Engineers PLLC
Civil Engineer – Site Utilities: GIE Niagara Engineering Inc. P.C.
Civil Engineer – Site and Grading: T.G. Miller P.C.
Acoustical Consultant: DHV V.B.
Fa?ade Design and Engineering Consultant: Front, Inc. Lighting Consultant: Tillotson Design
Associates, Inc. Landscape Architect: Scape Landscape Architecture PLLC Curtain Design:
Inside Outside, Petra Blaisse
Graphic Design: 2x4, Inc.
Audio/Visual Consultant: Acentech
Roofing Consultant: BPD Roof Consulting, Inc.
Elevator Consultant: Persohn/Hahn Associates, Inc.
IT/Data/Security Consultant: Archi-Technology
Sustainability Consultant: BVM Engineering
Models: OMA, Made by Mistake, Situ Studio
Renderings: OMA, ESKQ
Image courtesy of OMA; photography by Philippe Ruault
Milstein Hall is the first new building in over 100 years for the renowned College of Architecture,
Art and Planning (AAP) at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. The new building is situated
between Cornell’s historic Arts Quad and the natural Falls Creek Gorge redefining the entry for
the northern end of the campus.
The existing AAP was housed in four separate buildings, distinct in architectural style and
programmatic use but similar in typology. Rather than creating a new free-standing building
Milstein Hall is an addition to the AAP buildings creating a unified complex with continuous levels
of indoor and outdoor interconnected spaces. Milstein Hall provides 47,000 additional square
feet for the AAP, adding much-needed space for studios, gallery space, critique space and a
253-seat auditorium. The additional space enabled a new master plan of the College’s facilities
creating extraordinary new spatial relationships between internal programmatic elements.
A large horizontal plate is lifted off the ground and connected to the second levels of the AAP’s
Sibley Hall and Rand Hall to provide 25,000 square feet of studio space with panoramic views of
the surrounding environment. Enclosed by floor-to-ceiling glass and a green roof with 41
skylights, this “upper plate” cantilevers almost 50 feet over University Avenue to establish a
relationship with the Foundry, a third existing AAP facility. The wide-open expanse of the plate —
structurally supported by a hybrid truss system — stimulates interaction and allows flexible use
over time.
The exposed hybrid trusses were designed to balance structural efficiency at the cantilevers and
maintain open circulation within the large open plan. A field of custom designed lights and chilled
beams were carefully coordinated with the structural and mechanical systems using normally
hidden functional elements to define the ceiling plane. The lighting is programmed by a highly
customizable and efficient Lutron control system connected to daylight sensors to maintain
constant light levels that balance the daylight with artificial light.
The studio comfort environment is maintained by the ceiling’s chilled beams that provide cooling
by utilizing local lake source chilled water, reducing the need for large traditional HVAC
mechanical systems. The heating is distributed through the concrete radiant heated slab. The
efficient mechanical systems and abundance of natural daylight are possible through the use of
high performance insulated glass units with Low-E coating on all the exterior glass walls. The
building is expected to receive a Silver LEED certification with the possibility of achieving Gold.
The south-east cantilevered area of the studios is considered a unique space within the upper
plate as it is most visible from the pedestrian walkways to and from the Arts Quad beneath as well
as the transparency seen from East Avenue that is approximately the same elevation as the
studio floor. Given the east and south exposure a specific solution to moderate the daylight was
required. OMA looked to Petra Blaisse and her firm, Inside Outside, to design a custom curtain
for this prominent corner of the building. The goal was to preserve views out from the studios
towards the Arts Quad, maintain natural daylight without the glare and present a striking image at
this northeast entry to the Quad. Inside Outside’s concept for this curtain is considered together
with the auditorium curtain design using architectural drawings from the Dutch artist/ architect
Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1607) to suggest another space outside of the Milstein Hall. The
enlarged perspectival drawings are digitally printed onto white vinyl mesh and perforated with
holes along the perspective lines.
The exterior of the upper plate responds with different materials to the performative demands of
their position on the building. The 26,000 square foot roof is a sedum covered green roof
punctuated by a cluster of northern facing skylights which gradually increase in size towards the
darker center of the plate further from the exterior fa?ade. Two different types of sedum create a
gradient pattern of dots that transition from articulated small circles near the manmade Arts Quad
on the south to a dense, larger pattern of dots towards the natural landscape of the gorge on the
north.
The continuous twelve foot high band of glass fa?ade makes the long hours of studio activity
transparent to the public. Above and below the glass two simple thin bands of Turkish marble
define the extents of the upper plate. The naturally occurring vertical bands of grey and white
enrich the exterior with a specific scale and material that is unique and yet unites the different
buildings despite the proliferation of architectural styles in this area of campus. The vertical
oriented marble veining was significant in achieving the continuous horizontal bands of stone to
emphasize the cantilevers and floating nature of the upper plate.
The uniqueness of the naturally striated marble directly influenced 2x4, Inc.’s design of the
custom Milstein Hall building ID located on the south cantilever’s east fa?ade. The building name
is engraved directly into the full height of the lower fascia marble panels in vertical bands that at
once appear to dissolve into the stone yet reveal themselves as a distinct barcode of lettering.
Underneath the upper plate a continuous ceiling of custom stamped perforated aluminum panels
extend through both the interior and exterior spaces deemphasizing the boundary between. The
enlarged metal panels (4’ x 4’ x 4?”) fabricated on an automotive stamping machine define a
scale that is at once perceivable to the traffic passing under the cantilever along University
Avenue as well as the pedestrians occupying the spaces below. The vernacular reference to New
York stamped metal ceilings creates an urban room-like space below the upper plate surrounded
by the existing historic facades of Rand, Sibley and the Foundry. Above the grid of perforated
metal panels acoustic blankets tune specific zones such as the road area to absorb noises from
passing vehicles, the auditorium to improve audible performance and the covered plaza to
reduce noise transmittance to the adjacent offices, classrooms and auditorium.
Beneath the hovering studio plate, the ground level accommodates major program elements
including the 253-seat auditorium and a dome that encloses a 5,000 square foot circular critique
space. The materiality of the lower level, constructed of exposed cast-in-place concrete, adds a
contrast to the upper plate’s glass and steel character. However both spaces create frameworks
of raw spaces to serve as a pedagogical platform for the AAP to generate new interaction driven
by the students’ and faculty’s ambitions and explorations.
The dome is a double layered concrete system. The exposed underside is a cast-in-place
structural slab spanning the main critique space beneath the dome. The dome was formed using
two layers of 3/8” plywood with a finish layer of 3/8” MDO board and poured in a single 12 hour
period. The strip light pockets were cast into the dome together with the electrical and sprinkler
systems forming a clearly defined central space out of a complex construction process. Above
the structural dome slab a concrete topping slab forms the exterior surface of the dome. The
dome serves multiple functions: it supports the raked auditorium seating, it becomes the stairs
leading up to the studio plate above, and it is the artificial ground for an array of exterior seating
pods custom fabricated in Brooklyn, NY by Fabrice Covelli of Fproduct Inc.
From the main entry, a concrete bridge spanning 70 feet across the dome space draws people
into the auditorium or brings them down the sculptural stairs to the lower level of Milstein Hall.
The bridge’s structural concrete truss railing and stair allow the bridge to span across the dome
column free.
Connecting the three levels of Milstein Hall a vertical moving room (12’-3” x 6’-4”) serves as the
elevator. Large enough to facilitate the transport of models between the studios and the dome
critique space it can also accommodate a chair and reading lamp. Custom designed by OMA and
fabricated by Global Tardif and Schindler, the moving room, built from standard plywood panels,
was fully assembled near Quebec City, dismantled and reassembled on site in Ithaca.
Milstein Hall provides the AAP its first auditorium and large scale lecture hall within its own
facilities. The auditorium was designed to provide maximum flexibility to allow a multiplicity of
programs and functions to occur. The auditorium is divided into two halves of fixed seats on the
raked section of the dome and loose seats on the level section. When the auditorium is not used
at its full capacity of 300 people, the lower level can be used for studio critiques and smaller
meetings. The fixed and loose seats were custom designed by OMA and developed and
manufactured by Martela Oy of Finland. Their unique design reinforces the flexibility of the
auditorium as the cantilevered fixed seat backs fold down to form a continuous bench for higher
capacity seating. The bench configuration can also be used for exhibition and display, or create
a side table out of unoccupied adjacent seat. The simple rectangular form of the loose seats with
the seat backs folded flat and grouped together can serve as tables for models display or
exhibitions.
The auditorium can further be transformed into the Boardroom for University Trustee meetings.
The Boardroom is assembled at the touch of a button which deploys 61 seats by automatically
raising them from below the raised floor of the level floor section. OMA custom designed the
solution to integrate the Boardroom into the auditorium and was developed and manufactured by
Figueras International of Spain. Each of the 61 individual seats can be raised or lowered
independently and is integrated with power, an oversized tablet, a storage bin and is attached to
a post that allows 360 degree rotation with locking positions every 7.5 degrees.
The glass-enclosed auditorium provides a permeable boundary between academic space and
the public. When privacy or blackout is required, a custom designed curtain unfurls from the
auditorium balcony in one continuous form. The curtain is digitally printed on both surfaces with a
different Hans Vredeman de Vries enlarged perspective print. Prints of classical columns are
countered by the modern design of Milstein Hall suggesting a classical landscape on the interior
and exterior of the building.
The insertion of Milstein Hall amongst the existing AAP buildings forms a new gateway for the
northern end of Cornell’s campus and transforms together with the recently completed addition to
the Johnson Arts Museum an underutilized area into a new corridor for the arts, planning and
design.
Milstein Hall Facts and Figures
? Milstein Hall is the new two-story, 47,000 sq. foot (4,400 sq. meters) building for Cornell
University’s College of Architecture, Art, and Planning in Ithaca, New York.
? Milstein Hall includes 25,000 sq. feet (2,300 sq. m) of flexible studio space which will be
home to approximately 16 architectural (200 students) studios each semester.
? Milstein Hall features a 253-seat auditorium, which also includes special seating for use by
Cornell University trustees, and will be the central events location for the college.
? Milstein Hall was designed and has been constructed with the goal of achieving a LEED
certification. The LEED construction application is close to being finalized with the building
tracking well into Silver certification.
? Milstein Hall’s green roof is planted in sedum, and has 41 skylights to bring natural lighting
into the studios.
? Milstein Hall uses Cornell University’s lake-source cooling system via chilled beams to
provide air conditioning. Radiant floor tubing provides heating for the building.
? Nearly 1,200 tons of steel are used to frame Milstein Hall and support its two cantilevers.
One of the cantilevers spans 48 feet (14.6 meters) for 150 feet (45.7 meters) over University
Avenue.
? Milstein Hall’s dome has nearly 5,200 sq. feet (480 sq. meters) of surface area and weighs
approximately 900,00 pounds (408,000 kilograms). It was cast in a single, nearly 12-hour
concrete pour.
? Milstein Hall was designed by the New York City office of the Rotterdam-based OMA, led by
partners-in- charge Shohei Shigematsu and Rem Koolhaas and associate-in-charge Ziad
Shehab.
? KHA Architects LLC of Houston, Texas is the Architect of Record.
? Construction for Milstein Hall began in July 2009.
? Construction management for Milstein Hall has been handled by Welliver, of Montour Falls,
New York.
? Planning for Milstein Hall began in 1999 when a financial gift was made by the Milstein family.
? The design and planning phases were lengthened when previous designs by two other
architects were abandoned. Despite the U.S. economic crisis Cornell University and AAP
embarked on the construction of this significant project at a time when many other capital works
across the U.S. had been put on hold.